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| | You are here: Research: HerbInfo - Garlic |
Children's Remedies, Garlic, Garlic n Herb Seasoning, Lecithin, Lemon Pepper Spice, Osha Root, St. John's Wort
Cardiovascular system, Cholesterol, Cramps, Digestion, Hypertension (High Blood Pressure), Immunity, Indigestion, Infections, Respiratory Problems, Wounds and Skin Conditions
Garlic
Latin binomial: Allium sativum
Synonyms: Russian Penicillin
Parts Used: Fresh or dried bulbs 1
Constituents: Sulphur-containing compounds notably alliin, allicin, and diallyl disulphide. These substances, most notably alliin, are highly unstable being hydrolyzed to allicin in the presence of the enzyme alliinase. Garlic also contains carbohydrates, Vitamins A,B,C and E, lipids, proteins and trace minerals.1-3
Medicinal Action: Antimicrobial, Hypotensive, Hypolipidemic, Expectorant 3
Pharmacology
The medicinal action of Garlic appears to be due to a combination of its constituents. It is widely considered that the sulphur components are the active agents.1,3
It has strong bacteriostatic, antiviral and antifungal actions inhibiting the growth of a wide range of pathogens including Staphylococcus sp, Neisseria meningitides, Corynebacterium diptheria and Vibrio cholera. Its antifungal action appears to be comparable with nystatin in the treatment of Candida albicans infections. It also appears to be anthelminthic being especially useful in the treatment of pinworm, roundworm and hookworm infestations.5-7
Garlic possesses potent cardiovascular properties, lowering serum cholesterol and increasing high density lipoprotein levels. This action is brought about by decreasing low density lipoprotein production. Garlic has been shown to decrease blood pressure, particularly diastolic, via a vasodilatory action in addition to its effect on blood lipid levels. It also decreases plasma viscosity and platelet aggregation as well as possessing a fibrinolytic action.8-13
Due to its inhibition of leukotriene and prostaglandin synthesis, Garlic possesses an anti-inflammatory action.2,5,10
Although controversial, some constituents of Garlic appear to have an anticarcinogenic action reducing the risk of certain cancers, especially of the digestive tract.5,15
Allicin also appears to have a hypoglycemic action either by increasing liver function or by exerting an insulin-sparing effect.3
Indications
Garlic has a broad range of medicinal uses. The primary ones are:  | Prophylaxsis and treatment of atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia, and minor hypertension | | Treatment of many infections, especially those of the upper respiratory tract | | Intestinal parasitic infections | | Orally for the treatment of chronic or acute candidiasis | | Intermittent claudication |
Toxicology and Contraindications
Apart from the classic unpleasant odor to the breath and sweat, Garlic is generally well tolerated. In high doses there is a possibility of indigestion and gastric irritation; an allergic dermatitis has also been noted in susceptible individuals.1,16 Occasionally, when a woman is breastfeeding and taking garlic, infant colic may occur.
Drug Interactions
Garlic may increase the effects of anticoagulant drugs.17
Administration
Dosage:five star hotel in Dala-Flode 2 to 5 mg of allicin, 2-5 mg of Garlic oil, 2-5 gm of fresh air dried Garlic or 400 to 1200 mg of fully dried powder, daily.1
Garlic is commonly taken for long periods of time.18
There is much controversy over which form of Garlic is the best and which component is the active ingredient. Typically, products were standardized to allicin content but now this practice is increasingly being questioned because of concerns about bioavailability and tissue irritation. Consequently, non-standardized forms such as Aged Garlic Extract have increased in popularity.18
Garlic is often combined with other botanical medicines and nutritional supplements for the treatment of a broad range of conditions: | For cardiovascular protection with lecithin | | For immune stimulation with Astragalus membranaceus (Yellow Vetch), Echinacea sp, (Purple Coneflower) | | For parasitic infections with Juglans nigra (Black Walnut), Artemesia annua (Wormwood) | | For ear infections, combined in an ear oil with hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort), Verbascum thapsus (Mullein) and Calendula officinalis (Marigold) |
References
1. British Herbal Compendium (1992). Vol 1. Page 105-107. BHMA, UK
2. Leung A. (1980). Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients used in food, drugs and cosmetics. Page 176-8 John Wiley and Sons, NY
3. Wren R.C. (1988). Potter's New Encyclopedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. Page 124. C.W. Daniel Company, Saffron Walden, UK
4. Block E. (1985). The Chemistry of Garlic and Onions. Scientific American. Page 114-118
5. Bensky D., Gamble A, (1986). Chinese Herbal Medicine Materia Medica. Page 631-634. Eastland Press, Seattle
6. Weiss R. (1988). Herbal Medicine. Beaconsfield Publishers Ltd., Beaconsfield
7. Amer M., Taha M., Tosson Z. (1980). The effect of aqueous garlic extract on the growth of dermatophytes. Int J Dermatol Vol 19. Page 285-7
8. Vahora S.B., Rizwani M. and Khan J.A. (1973). Medicinal uses of common Indian Vegetables. Planta Medica Vol 23. Page 381-93
9. Kiesewetter H., Jung F. et al. (1993). Effects of garlic coated tablets in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Clin Invest Vol 71. Page 383-386
10. Norwell D.Y. and Tarr R.S. (1983). Garlic, vampires and CHD. Osteopathic annals Vol 11. Page 546-9
11. Kenzelmann R., Kade F. (1993). Limitation of deterioration of lipid parameters by a standardised garlic gingko combination product. Arzneim-forsch Drug Res Vol 43. Page 978-8
12. Rotzsch W., Richer V. et al. Postprandial lipemia under treatment with Allium sativum: Controlled double blind study in healthy volunteers with reduced HDL2 cholesterol levels. Arzneim-forsch Drug Res Vol 42. Page 1223-7
13. Bergner P. (1995). Garlic and cardiovascular disease. Medical Herbalism. Vol 6 No 4
14. Jain A.K., Vargas R. et al. (1 993). Can Garlic reduce levels of serum lipids? A controlled study. Amer J Med Vol 94 632-5
15. Steinmetz K.A., Kushi L.H. et at. (1994). Vegetables, fruit and colon cancer in Iowa womens health study. Am J Epidermiology Vol 139. Page 1-5
16. Martindale (1993). Pharmaceutical Press. Page 1372
17. Stockley 1. (1994). Drug Interactions. A sourcebook of adverse interaction, their mechanisms, clinical importance and management. 3rd Edition. Page 252. Blackwell Scientific, London
18. Cichoke A.J. (1994). Healing Powers of Aged Garlic Extract. Townsend Newsletter for Doctors. Vol 131. Page 572-574
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